Thursday, February 21, 2013

Gunmen kidnap seven French tourists in Cameroon

DAKAR (Reuters) - Gunmen kidnapped seven French nationals early on Tuesday in northern Cameroon near the border with Nigeria, Radio France International reported, the first time Westerners have been taken hostage in the region.

The risk of attacks on French nationals and interests in Africa has risen since France sent forces into Mali last month to help oust Islamist rebels occupying the country's north.

A spokeswoman at the French embassy in the Cameroon capital Yaounde confirmed a kidnapping had taken place, but declined to give further details.

Without citing sources, Radio France International said seven French citizens, including children, were abducted by armed men on motorbikes and were being taken towards Nigeria.

Eight French citizens are already being held in West Africa's Sahel region by al Qaeda-affiliated groups.

Cameroon Information Minister Issa Tchiroma Bakary said he could not confirm the kidnapping report for now. The French foreign ministry said it was checking the information.

The tourists were abducted at around 7 a.m. in a village about 10 km (six miles) from the Nigerian border near the Waza national park and Lake Chad in the extreme north of Cameroon where Westerners often go for holidays.

It was the first case of foreigners being seized in the mostly Muslim north of the central African country.

Seven foreigners were snatched from the compound of Lebanese construction company Setraco in northern Nigeria's Bauchi state early on Sunday, and al Qaeda-linked Ansaru took responsibility.

Northern Nigeria is plagued by attacks and kidnappings by Islamist groups. Ansaru, which rose to prominence only in recent months, has also claimed the kidnapping in December of a French national who is still missing.

It said in a statement that kidnappings were driven by "the transgression and atrocities done to the religion of Allah by the European countries in many places, such as Afghanistan and Mali."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/least-five-french-nationals-kidnapped-cameroon-radio-133810406.html

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Wednesday, February 20, 2013

The Walking Dead, Season 3

TWD_GP_310_0831_0303 "He's dead, Jim."

Gene Page/AMC

When the Governor put a bullet in Axel?s head, I could almost hear Bones say it: ?He?s dead, Jim.? Axel did what he had always seemed destined to do?die?and in so doing, he joined a pantheon of mostly forgotten?The Walking Dead?characters whose sole purpose seemed to be to remind viewers that the good guys are vulnerable.

Axel was prime redshirt material. He first appeared in the first episode of this season, but after nine episodes we only knew him a little better than ill-fated Oscar. His backstory-revealing flirtation with Carol in in ?Home? was a mislead, and an effective one at that; it misled us into thinking the show would actually give a new character some substance and purpose before killing him off.

My buddy in this week?s chat,?Forbes? Erik Kain, described this as the ?Lost?Syndrome,? after the second season of?Lost, which added a swath of new characters to the show only to?promptly kill almost all of them. I get it:?The Walking Dead?wants to convince us that the protagonists aren?t indestructible. Superman has kryptonite because suspense isn?t suspense unless the good guys can get hurt. But?The Walking Dead?doesn?t have to make this point every other episode by killing off a recently added character. It?s lazy and unnecessary, and, more grievously, it wastes the time viewers have invested observing and evaluating that character.

A high school English teacher once told me that great literature lacks characters and subplots that are superfluous to its point,?Moby Dick?notwithstanding. While I don?t expect?The Walking Dead?to be?Pride and Prejudice, good drama spends human capital effectively, and at times this show knows how to do that.

Take Lori?s death, for instance. Lori?s death had huge repercussions throughout the rest of the season. It calcified Carl and drove Rick mad.

Now consider Jim?s death. I know. Who the hell was Jim again?

That doesn?t mean we have to know every new guy?s origin story or that Rick should spend episodes grieving over each casualty (which he?s kind of doing anyway). Dale?s death showed that even deeply developed characters can die rather inconsequentially?but at least he had a significant part to play?before?his death. Conversely, the deaths of lightly developed characters can have far-reaching ramifications. Otis? death in Season 2 led circuitously to Shane?s fall and demise, and Jacqui?s suicide at the CDC raised fascinating philosophical questions. These characters, whether in their lives or through their deaths, had some sort of significant plot-related or thematic point.

What has Axel really?done?since the group reluctantly brought him into the fold??Creep on Beth? Maybe it?s premature to call his death meaningless, but I don?t see any character or viewer giving him more than the same shrug they gave to any of the other doomed members of the prison gang. Just like Ana Lucia, Mr. Eko, and those poor redshirts who beamed down with Kirk and Spock, he was a plot device, not a person?and his two minutes of backstory in ?Home? didn?t change that.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=bb216c1c856a30646f5bf3e54258c5d8

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How To Stream A Live Concert Online


The Internet is an orchestrated communication technology designed to evolve with the demands of our creative imagination. Whatever is dreamed of ? Internet technology is fast about the business of making it so. We can ask it questions, talk to friends instantly, and hear news from around the world as it happens. All kinds of complimentary and adjacent technologies and industries have developed around the Internet and our world communication is closer and faster than ever.

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HTML5 Video Player For WordPress

One of the most transforming developments in the evolution of the Internet is HD Live Video Streaming. This covers a rather large neighborhood relative to what it can do and who enjoys and uses it. Individuals watch football and concerts. Businesses have discovered that integrating Live Streaming Video into their websites enhances the experience and brings a fresh excitement to products and information. Video streaming expresses in movement what photos and copy alone cannot. HD Live Streaming for concerts has become an entire industry and has brought new energy and creativity to concert performances in innumerable new ways. Entire web sites and broadcasting channels are devoted to concert streaming.

HD Live Streaming Video for Concerts

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For music fans, the rise of Internet based online services for music listening and purchasing has increased by leaps and bounds. Live shows and concerts have followed suit and found their way to HD Live Streaming Video and Video on Demand. Music festivals are thriving.

Live Video Streaming is a new and reasonable alternative to paying extortionate ticket prices only to find you?re packed in among thousands of sweaty concertgoers, the stage is the size of a pea, and it takes longer to exit then to watch the entire concert. Large venues, small clubs, and caf? concerts all have a place with Live Streaming. It is a new category of entertainment and a new form of generating income.

Eyepartner

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Even a few years ago it took time, training and a decent amount of cash to stream a live concert or event, but increasing technological innovations and popular demand have sought a new kind of host provider that eliminates complications and seriously cuts production costs. Burgeoning broadcasters are seeking hosting companies that enable them to design, produce, manage, and reap the rewards of their own broadcasting platforms. Broadcasters expect experts to attend to the details of technology and its evolving innovations while the broadcaster takes care of the details of personal broadcasting and channels.

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eyepartner_logo_260x70

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At Eyepartner, we have been about the business of hosting since 1996 and we are the experts you?ve been looking for. We represent and provide the most accessible Global Information Technology Solutions, providing a full suite of live streaming video applications and services.

We have removed the cost and complications of live streaming and pared down setup time. We have a back office team of innovative collaborators available 24/7 for advice and direction. Everything is designed for ease of use.

TikiLIVE represents our streaming software solution, which enables anyone to broadcast in HD (or SD) from their own personalized branded channels and directly from their desktop. You manage your own content and revenue through as many channels as you choose ? you customize it to suit your needs. We do our part, and you do yours.

Become a Broadcaster with TikiLIVE


TikiLIVE functions as a full media distribution platform. The diversity of the design ensures custom broadcasting to suit your individual needs. You can, for instance, broadcast live (live stream), or upload your media and either broadcast or save it for video on demand.

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tikilive

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You can engage our Monster Encoder server farm which automatically Transcodes your video to the (H.264 broadcasting) HD standard. You have the option to create a network with snap on modules that connect to other social media formats like YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter. And, you can have as many channels as you like.

TikiLIVE Communication

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TikiLIVE aligns with the communication age and focuses on interacting directly with your audience as opposed to a one-sided design of deployment only. With the designed embed codes, the user can deploy with or without an interactive chat feed. TikiLIVE enables monetization of content through advertising and features such as pay per view or pay per broadcast. We support configuration with set top boxes like Roku that enable Internet interaction with your television. This is particularly enticing for those interested in broadcasting concerts where watching on a big screen TV is engrossing.

HTML5

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The HTML5 Live Streaming Module enables events to be watched on mobile devices like Smartphones and Netbooks, which is really amazing. With HTML5 almost all media can be deployed, and without any additional plugins or software. There?s no need for royalty payments as it is non-proprietary. This is particularly interesting for those involved in Live Streaming concerts because it acts as a pay per view module where tickets can be purchased to paid events that can then be watched on mobile devices.

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How To Stream A Live Concert Online

Easy Does It

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TikiLIVE gives you everything you need to set up and go. It?s a three step basic set up ? what could be simpler?

? Download the recommended HDWave Broadcaster, or third party broadcaster software if you wish, (The HDWave works on Windows 7 and Windows 8).
? Plug in your video source.
? Select your channel and broadcast.

Live Concert Streaming

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In fact and technically speaking, a live music video streaming can be done with just a webcam and when thought of like this, it is very cost effective. If you are doing the video for your own live streaming broadcast then you decide how your concert will be captured. As relates to equipment available for broadcasting AV over the Internet, you can find decent digital video cameras for under $500 that can do the trick. Or, you may have a sophisticated set-up that works for you; it?s all your design.

Contact Eyepartner


Streaming concerts live in HD on your own branded channel is just another good reason to contact us here at Eyepartner. We?re evolving with you, with your ideas, and with your dreams. Browse our website or call us today at (305) 289-4557, we would love to assist you.

Source: http://www.eyepartner.com/tikilive/how-to-stream-a-live-concert-online/

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Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased deaths after heart attacks

Feb. 20, 2013 ? Air pollution contributes to an increased number of deaths among patients who have been admitted to hospital with heart attacks, according to a study published online February 20 in the European Heart Journal [1].

The largest study yet to investigate the links between fine air-borne particulate matter (PM) and patient survival after hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) found death rates increased with increased exposure to PM2.5 -- tiny particles that measure 2.5 micrometers (?m) in diameter or less, approximately 30 times smaller than a human hair [2]. The amount of PM in the air is measured as micrograms per cubic meter of air (?g/m3). The main sources of PM2.5 in the UK are emissions from road traffic and industry, including power generation.

Dr Cathryn Tonne, lecturer in environmental epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (London, UK) said: "We found that for every 10?g/m3 increase in PM2.5 there was a 20% increase in the death rate. For example, over one year of follow-up after patients had been admitted to hospital with ACS, there would be 20% more deaths among patients exposed to PM2.5 levels of 20 ?g/m3, compared to patients exposed to PM2.5 levels of 10?g/m3."

Dr Tonne and her colleague Paul Wilkinson, professor of environmental epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, estimate that death rates would be reduced by 12% among ACS patients if they were exposed to naturally occurring PM2.5 rather than the higher levels they were actually exposed to [3]. This translates to 4,783 deaths occurring earlier than they should do, due to exposure to PM2.5 from human-made sources.

The researchers linked records of 154,204 patients who survived hospital admission for ACS in England and Wales between 2004-2007 with modelled average air pollution concentrations for 2004-2010. The patients were followed up until the end of the study in April 2010 or their death, whichever occurred earlier. During the average follow-up time of 3.7 years, there were 39,863 deaths. The researchers adjusted their results to take account of the patients' sex, age, medical history, treatments and drugs, whether or not they smoked, socioeconomic factors such as income, education and employment, and where they lived.

The air pollution modelling of average exposures for different regions of the country showed the highest average exposures to PM2.5 and other air pollutants in London (an average of 14.1 ?g/m3), while the North East of England had the lowest exposure (an average of 8.4 ?g/m3). However, people's individual exposure to PM2.5 varied widely within each region.

Evidence has been growing that exposure to air pollution is associated with the development of heart disease, but, so far, few studies have investigated its effect on survival after heart attacks (myocardial infarction) and the findings have been inconsistent. In addition, it is known that patients from poorer backgrounds often live in more deprived areas with higher levels of air pollution and that they tend to do less well after a diagnosis of heart problems than patients of a higher socioeconomic status. "This raises the possibility that exposure to air pollution may explain, in part, the differences in prognosis among heart attack patients from different backgrounds," said Dr Tonne.

"Our findings confirm an association between PM2.5 and increased rates of death in survivors of ACS. Our findings also show that PM2.5 exposure contributes only a small amount to differences in survival after ACS among people living in areas with different socioeconomic conditions after accounting for factors such as smoking and diabetes.

"The implication is that while reducing levels of PM2.5 will lead to increased life-expectancy and is an important public health priority, it isn't likely to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in prognosis very much. There are likely to be many other factors that are more important than PM2.5 exposure in explaining socioeconomic inequalities in prognosis, and this requires further investigation."

The study's strength was its size and amount of detailed data available about the patients. A limitation was that the researchers lacked specific causes of death and so were unable to discover how many were heart-related, although they suspect the majority were. Exposure to air pollution was based on where the patients lived and did not take account of amounts of time spent travelling or away from home.

In an accompanying editorial [4], Professor Pier Mannucci, Scientific Director of the IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation in Milan (Italy), writes: "The most important message is that reduction in the amount of pollutants in metropolitan areas does indeed decrease cardiovascular mortality within a time interval as short as a few years?"

He adds that the "huge toll of deaths?worldwide owing to air pollution could be substantially reduced -- by approximately one million annually from the current estimate of 1.34 million -- if the WHO [World Health Organization] recommendations pertaining to the limits of PM2.5 concentrations were implemented. The responsibility for controlling air pollution rests on national governments of the planet?."

In the meantime, individual clinicians should "make patients aware of the existence of this risk, and encourage them to be cognizant of the media alerts on air quality in their living areas." Finally, he calls on the European Society of Cardiology to develop scientific statements on air pollution and cardiovascular disease in order to make governments, clinicians and the public more aware of the problem.

[1] "Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with survival following acute coronary syndrome," by Cathryn Tonne and Paul Wilkinson. European Heart Journal.?

[2] A micrometer is one-millionth of a meter.

[3] If all human generated PM2.5 in the UK were removed, the natural level would be 4 ?g/m3 from natural sources such as dust and sea salt.

[4] "Airborne pollution and cardiovascular disease: burden and causes of an epidemic," by P.M. Mannucci. European Heart Journal.?

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal References:

  1. Cathryn Tonne and Paul Wilkinson. Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with survival following acute coronary syndrome. European Heart Journal, 2013 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs480
  2. P.M. Mannucci. Airborne pollution and cardiovascular disease: burden and causes of an epidemic. European Heart Journal, 2013 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht045

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/roYv4MepgFc/130219201519.htm

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Tuesday, February 19, 2013

Pistorius tells of 'terror' on night he shot girlfriend

A South African court officially charged superstar runner Oscar Pistorius with killing his unarmed girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, alleging he shot her three times through a locked bathroom door . NBC's Michelle Kosinski reports.

By Rohit Kachroo, Michelle Kosinski and Tracy Connor, NBC News

?Blade Runner? Oscar Pistorius claimed Tuesday that he had heard a noise in the bathroom and felt ?a sense of terror? on the night he fatally shot his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, insisting he thought someone had broken into his South Africa home.

In a statement read to a court hearing, the double-amputee Olympic and Paralympic star wrote that he loved Steenkamp "deeply." He also said he had received death threats in the past and kept a firearm beside his bed.

Earlier Tuesday, Prosecutor Gerrie Nel insisted there was nothing to support Pistorius? claim that he feared there was an intruder in the house when he killed Steenkamp. She was shot dead through the door of a small bathroom in Pistorius? home in a suburb of Pretoria early on Valentine?s Day.

Nel said she had "nowhere" to go and her death must have been "horrific," insisting Pristorius was guilty of premeditated murder.

The NBC Olympic and "Rock Center" correspondent spent a week over the summer with Oscar Pistorius and tells NBC's David Gregory that he was a "gun guy" who was worried about his safety and security.

The claims were made at a bail hearing -- described as a ?little trial? by one expert -- that is being held to determine whether Pistorius should be freed pending trial.

Magistrate Desmond Nair?ruled that Pistorius would face a charge of premeditated murder, but the hearing was adjourned until Wednesday morning.

As the defense and prosecution lawyers argued, the family and friends of the slain model and law-school graduate Steenkamp held a tearful funeral?in her hometown.

As his statement was read to the court, Pistorius sobbed uncontrollably at times, prompting Nair to say, "I know it's difficult. ... I'm going to find it difficult to concentrate. ... Maintain your composure."

'She died in my arms'
The statement denied Pistorius had deliberately killed Steenkamp ?in the strongest terms," adding that the athlete was "deeply in love'' with her, according to Reuters.

"I had no intention to kill my girlfriend," the statement said.

According to Pistorius' account, he and Steenkamp had decided to "have a quiet dinner together at home" and by about 10 p.m. they had retired to his bedroom, where she was doing yoga as he was lying down and watching television. After finishing her yoga, she got into bed with him and the two fell asleep, Pistorius' statement said.

During the early morning hours, it said, Pistorius woke up and went to his bedroom balcony to bring a fan inside and close the sliding glass doors and blinds.

"I heard a noise in my bathroom. ... I felt a sense of terror. ... I believed that someone had entered my house. ... I grabbed my 9mm pistol," it said.

Pistorius' statement said contractors had been working at his house and had left ladders outside, and there were no security bars on the bathroom window. The bathroom contained a separate toilet area with its own door.

?As I did not have my prosthetic legs on I felt extremely vulnerable. I had to protect Reeva and myself. ... I felt trapped as my bedroom door was locked and I have limited mobility on my stumps,? it said.

The statement then described Pistorius hearing movement inside the bathroom. "I fired shots at the toilet door and shouted at Reeva to phone the police," it said. "She did not respond and I moved backwards out of the bathroom, keeping my eyes on the bathroom entrance. Everything was pitch dark in the bedroom and I was still too scared to switch on a light. Reeva was not responding.

"When I reached the bed, I realized that Reeva was not in bed. That is when it dawned on me that it could have been Reeva who was in the toilet."

The statement also described Pistorius trying to open the locked bathroom door but failing, then grabbing a cricket bat to smash open the door. "Reeva was slumped over but alive. I battled to get her out of the toilet and pulled her into the bathroom."

Pistorius? statement said that moments after the shooting he ?picked Reeva up as I'd been told not to wait for the paramedics. ... She died in my arms.?

Earlier in the hearing, Nel said Steenkamp had arrived in Pistorius' home sometime between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. on the night before she died.

There was "no possible explanation to support" Pistorius' claim that he thought Steenkamp was an intruder, Nel said.

And he added that even if Steenkamp had been an intruder, the shooting would still have been the murder of a burglar.

Nel said Pistorius had armed himself, put on his prosthetic legs, walked to the bathroom and shot Steenkamp several times through the locked door as she sat on the toilet. "She locked that door for a purpose," Nel said.

"If I arm myself, walk a distance and murder a person, that is premeditated," he said, according to Reuters. "The door is closed. There is no doubt. I walk seven meters (just over 22 feet) and I kill."

"The motive is 'I want to kill.' That's it," he added. "This deceased was in a 1.4- (4.5 feet) by 1.14-meter little room. She could go nowhere. It must have been horrific."

The prosecutor also asked why a burglar would have locked himself inside the bathroom.

After the shooting, Pistorius carried Steenkamp downstairs, where he met a security guard and a friend, according to the prosecution, and told them that he had thought she had been an intruder.

Pistorius' defense argued the sports star was not guilty of murder for that reason.

The defense lawyer claimed other husbands had shot their wives thinking they were intruders and asked, "Where's the premeditation?"

Following the defense's statements, Nel said he was now "more convinced" about what happened.

Karyn Maughan, legal correspondent for South Africa news channel ENCA, told NBC's TODAY that if a premeditated murder charge stands, there would be dire consequences for Pistorius.

?If he can?t prove that her death was unintentional, then it is unlikely he will get bail and he also faces a life sentence in jail,? she said. ?He must try to convince the court he shot her in confusion, thinking she was an intruder."

Pistorius has hired his own high-profile forensic expert to analyze the police reports and post-mortem exam, ENCA reported. His defense team includes lawyer Kenny Oldwage, who previously won an acquittal for a driver accused of killing Nelson Mandela's great-grandchild in a 2010 accident.

'Where's my little girl'
Model and law-school graduate?Steenkamp's relatives are hoping for answers.

"Why my little girl?" her mother, June Steenkamp, said?in an interview with The Times of Johannesburg,?calling her bubbly, blond daughter "the most beautiful person who ever lived."

"All we have is this horrendous death to deal with ... to get to grips with," she said. "All we want are answers ... answers as to why this had to happen, why our beautiful daughter had to die like this."

Steenkamp's family and friends gathered at a 90-seat chapel in Port Elizabeth, where Steenkamp grew up, for her funeral.

"She's my little sister and she's gone," her brother, Adam, told ENCA. "There is a big hole there that cannot be filled by anything else."

Steenkamp and Pistorius had been dating for about three months, and she tweeted a Valentine's Day message hours before her death.

The track star, who captivated the world when he became the first double-amputee to run in the Olympics at last summer's London Games, was a gun enthusiast who once took a reporter writing a profile of him to a firing range.

A South African newspaper reported Monday that he nearly shot a friend by accident while handling another friend's gun at a Johannesburg restaurant.

"I had quite a fright because the bullet hit the ground centimeters from my foot," boxer Kevin Lerena told the Beeld newspaper, according to Agence France-Presse.

"For some reason it got caught on his trousers, flipped the safety pin and a shot went off. I wouldn't say he was negligent. Days afterwards he was still apologizing."

Ian Johnston of NBC News and Reuters contributed to this report.

Related:

Mother of Pistorius' slain girlfriend: 'Why my little girl?'

Agent: Sponsors sticking by Oscar Pistorius

Oscar Pistorius' agent cancels races

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This story was originally published on

Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/19/17006698-pistorius-i-felt-sense-of-terror-on-night-i-mistakenly-shot-deeply-loved-girlfriend?lite

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Modern life may cause sun exposure, skin pigmentation mismatch

Feb. 16, 2013 ? As people move more often and become more urbanized, skin color -- an adaptation that took hundreds of thousands of years to develop in humans -- may lose some of its evolutionary advantage, according to a Penn State anthropologist.

About 2 million years ago, permanent dark skin color imparted by the pigment -- melanin -- began to evolve in humans to regulate the body's reaction to ultraviolet rays from the sun, said Nina Jablonski, Distinguished Professor of Anthropology.

Melanin helped humans maintain the delicate balance between too much sunlight and not enough sunlight. The pigment allowed enough ultraviolet radiation to produce vitamin D, a vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium, while protecting the skin from the intense ultraviolet radiation in the equator. Too much sunlight can cause the destruction of folate, which is also critical to cell division.

As some humans moved away from the equator to places where the sun's rays are not nearly as intense, they lost pigmentation, said Jablonski, who reports on her research Feb. 16 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston.

Unlike their ancestors, modern humans are more mobile. A person with darker skin may move to regions with less intense sunlight, and those with less pigmentation may move to areas that are closer to the equator.

"We move around a lot now," said Jablonski. "People can move across 90 degrees of latitude in a single day whereas early humans generally only went a few kilometers in the same time."

In addition to moving regularly, most people now live in cities with limited exposure to the sun. Nearly 60 percent of the people in the world live in cities now, said Jablonski.

Most people who live in cities also work indoors, further reducing their ability to make enough vitamin D in their skin.

"Think about a farmer who lived in northern England and worked outside," said Jablonski. "In the past, that farmer had the right amount of light pigmentation to make it possible for him to produce enough vitamin D in his skin in the summer to satisfy most of his yearly needs."

However, Jablonski said a typical worker who lives in England today is rarely exposed to that amount of sun, Jablonski said.

"Now, a person in England is not getting very much sun at all, except maybe when he travels to Spain on vacation for a few weeks," the researcher said.

Health problems are compounded when people do not receive enough sunlight, or when they have a mismatch between their skin pigmentation and ultraviolet radiation. "This can lead to a vitamin D catastrophe for many people," Jablonski said.

Jablonski said that there are ways to increase vitamin D without increasing the risk of skin cancer through exposure to the sun. "By far, the safest way and the cheapest way is to use vitamin D supplements, which are widely available in stores," said Jablonski.

In earlier studies, researchers found that early humans had pinkish skin that was covered with black fur, much like today's chimpanzees. The fur acted as a sunscreen. However, following the loss of body hair -- which helped the early humans stay active without overheating -- permanent dark pigmentation became a crucial evolutionary tool to manage exposure to ultraviolet rays, according to Jablonski.

By studying patterns of pigmentation and the amount of ultraviolet rays, Jablonski found that skin color was an example of natural selection at work to protect the skin from the sun.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Penn State, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/YMf1Hp6O6DA/130217084323.htm

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Monday, February 18, 2013

?The Thousand Gestures,? or What I Learned from Hagar : So to Speak

The following is a guest post by Caitlin Cowan author of Every Creeping Thing, StS?s Poetry Runner-Up Winner

Yesterday I saw a pink plastic vacuum cleaner in the toy department at Target. This is why I?m a feminist.

We live in a world where Republican politicians in Michigan, the state where I was born, shouted down Rep. Lisa Brown?s (D-West Bloomfield) use of the word ?vagina? in official proceedings (apparently one ought not to use this anatomically correct word ?in mixed company,? according to Rep. Mike Callton, R-Nashville.) This is also why I?m a feminist. We live in a world where cleaning products are still pitched solely at women, where Klondike Bars are pitched to men with nagging wives. Come to think of it, that nagging wife seems to be everywhere these days: all she wants to do is talk about heirloom tomatoes and paint swatches?what a harpy! We live in a world where rape, sexual harassment, abortion, birth control, and other terms are still considered murky, taboo, or both. These, too, are reasons why I?m a feminist, and why I think that feminist discourse is a field to which all women writing today must contribute. I?m not foolishly suggesting that all writing by women, let alone all writing period, has to be or is inherently political, but rather that the landscape of our society is still deeply riven with inequalities that must be addressed and translated by all female writers?by all writers, really?from the budding creative writers that I teach at The University of North Texas all the way up to the finest writers of our generation.

I suppose I?m somewhere in the middle of that great swath of women, and my work seeks to engage with feminism any way that it can?I think of addressing feminist issues as a kind of triage: chaos is the order of the day, so dive in and tackle anything that needs tackling or calls out to you. My poem, ?Every Creeping Thing,? (which I was honored to have chosen as Runner-Up in So to Speak?s 2013 Poetry Contest by judge Danielle Pafunda) is one of which I?ve always been fond, but also one I?ve tinkered with for years.

In my MFA program, I was asked to read the Bible as literature for a readings course by an older male professor who was overtly religious. All semester he?I?ll go ahead and say it?bullied us into tapping into the mystical wonder and religious import of the Old Testament, which made me uneasy. Weren?t we supposed to be taking away universals? Storytelling and textual beauty? Poignant characters? I came away from that experience with a profound sympathy for one figure in particular: Hagar, the woman who figures into my poem. My professor, however, was not particularly interested in her, and dismissed my interest in her as a mere distraction.

Part of the reason I had such difficulty mimicking his zeal for the Old Testament as a whole was, in part, because of the countless women who are wronged, sent away, turned into salt (Lot?s wife doesn?t even merit a name! I?m still indignant) and the like. Hagar was a handmaid (read: slave) to Sarah, who, supposedly barren herself, gives Hagar to her husband Abraham so that they may conceive and fulfill god?s promise. To make a long story short, Hagar conceives a son, Ishmael, and later, Sarah is able conceive a son, named Isaac, with Abraham as well. Then, with Abraham?s blessing, Sarah jealously sends Hagar and Ishmael away:

And Abraham arose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away; and she departed, and strayed in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. And the water in the bottle was spent, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs. And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bow-shot; for she said: ?Let me not look upon the death of the child.? And she sat over against him, and lifted up her voice, and wept. (Genesis 21:14-16)

In this poem I imaginatively inserted myself at this very moment, to look down at Hagar as she puts the child under the shrubs and weeps, because it is a moment I still can?t move past. The sense of how ill-used she is, and the fact that her struggle as a mother and a woman is so easily reduced to her usefulness as a vessel (?purpose filled?), remain very compelling for me.

But things get better for Hagar. God hears her, helps her. Brings her back from the wilderness. My poem ends before any of this can happen, and points to the very real, and very demoralizing possibility (dare I say certainty? in mixed company?!) that the ?voice / among voices, that sibilating / hope? will not come, perhaps that it never came for Hagar and her son, nor will it come for us.

We are all, in a sense, women alone in the underbrush, and I don?t think we can afford to wait for a voice from above to right our compasses; instead we must be our own compasses, for Hagar, for Rep. Lisa Brown, and for the little girl who?s going to get that awful pink plastic vacuum for her birthday?I hope she stuffs it full of frogs.

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Source: http://sotospeakjournal.org/2013/02/%E2%80%9Cthe-thousand-gestures%E2%80%9D-or-what-i-learned-from-hagar/

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